Surface Modification and Functionalisation

All systems perform modification to the surface, however, the specific change isn’t important. What is important is the fact that processing has improved adhesion, cleaned the material or done something that gives a change in performance.

However, by considering how the systems work and what gases, vapours or internal materials are used, we can add specific and tailored functional group chemistry in dry, controllable conditions. This can give exciting and interesting surface properties that would be difficult, costly or time consuming to achieve using traditional wet chemistry.

While modification can be done with any of the surface treatment systems, it’s most commonly used with vacuum plasma systems because you can control the system to a high degree and because the systems work at vacuum pressures, usually less than 5mbar, there isn’t a lot of reagent or gases needed and the level of air borne impurities is low.

Treatment gases can be used with both Atmospheric Plasma and Corona to create in line treatments, but with much higher gas flow rates and requirement to control emissions, it’s only sensible for simple gases.

Our new for 2024 system – ZeroNOx is a good example of using process gases because it creates a tailored gas mix for both improved treatment, reduced oxidation on the surface and reduced nitrogen oxides for extraction.

Gases for functionalisation and material modification are used most commonly in vacuum plasma

Treatment Gases

Treatment gases, or processes gases as they can be called are usually avoided to keep the machines simple and avoid adding additional process steps.

But they can have some extra functionality that enhances the performance of the technology and gives additional benefits to the final product.

Vacuum Plasma in particular is an excellent method of material treatment using gases and vapours to perform experiments and specific environment treatments.

Dry Chemistry And Plasma

Plasma breaks up molecules within the process gas, giving excited species that react with your surface to give specific chemistry.

The most common application is treatment of polymers using air, which predominantly allows oxygen radicals and ions to bombard the surface and create oxygen containing functional groups such as -OH and -OOH among others.

Using different gases and parameters allows for different surface chemistry. This is often used for technical materials or powders.

Inside a vacuum plasma chamber
Surface modification and functionalisation is often performed on smaller materials such as powders

Modifying And Tailoring Chemistry

Using specific process gases or vapours, we can introduce excited plasma species that can modify your material. Common gases such as argon and nitrogen might be considered for additional cleaning capability, or for avoiding build up of oxides.

Specific nitrogen containing functional groups might be achieved using ammonia vapour or other nitrogen compounds.

This is a growing and developing area of the business and has significant potential not only to offer new reactions, but also to streamline required chemicals and synthesis routes.

Modification And Understanding

For many applications, the key quality check is in treating a part, knowing the surface energy exceeds a certain value and knowing the part bonds better.

Others want to go more in depth and tailor the surface to their exact application. Simple testing such as contact angle, test inks and tensile testing can be performed with us here onsite, and we do work with external test houses for complex testing, as well as Universities for surface topography and analytical techniques.

Contact Angle measuring is a key tool in understanding the changes that occur on a surface

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